The paper describes the background of the Arabic Language Academy in Damascus that became the Arab world’s first official scientific institution to regulate the Arabic language. The author emphasizes its activities and activities of its precursors since the ninth century. The article clarifies the status of the Arabic language at the end of the nineteenth century – beginning of the twentieth century, in particular, in Egypt and Lebanon. The author describes the linguistic situation in Syria when the Academy was organized. Besides, this article covers the initial and current tasks and operation principles of the Damascus Academy. The author provides information on its library, released journal and other publications. He also highlights major scientists who have contributed to the Academy development.