Энвер-паша, Джемаль-паша и Талаат-паша между москвой и берлином (1918–1922)

Enver pasha, Djemal pasha and Talat pasha between moscow and berlin (1918–1922)

• Шерстюков Сергей Андреевич
  Алтайский государственный университет

Ключевые слова: эмиг­ра­ция, пан­ис­ла­мизм, мла­до­тур­ки, им­пе­рии, боль­ше­ви­ки, Тур­ция, Гер­ма­ния

Аннотация

Ко­рот­кий, но ди­на­мич­ный и на­пол­нен­ный про­ти­во­ре­чи­вы­ми со­бы­ти­ям эмиг­рант­ский пе­ри­од жиз­ни Эн­вер-па­ши, Дже­маль-па­ши и Та­ла­ат-па­ши на­чи­на­ет­ся с их бег­ст­ва в но­яб­ре 1918 г. из Стам­бу­ла в Бер­лин. И хо­тя Эн­вер и Дже­маль про­бу­дут в Бер­ли­не срав­ни­тель­но не­дол­го, зна­че­ние это­го го­ро­да и Гер­ма­нии в це­лом для их по­сле­дую­щей дея­тель­но­сти не сле­ду­ет не­до­оце­ни­вать. Ав­тор, об­ра­ща­ясь в ос­нов­ном к на­чаль­но­му пе­рио­ду эмиг­ра­ции три­ум­ви­ров, свя­зан­но­му с Бер­ли­ном, изу­ча­ет слож­ный кон­текст их взаи­мо­дей­ст­вия с раз­лич­ны­ми по­ли­ти­че­ски­ми си­ла­ми в рам­ках фор­ми­рую­щей­ся се­ти, яд­ро ко­то­рой со­ста­ви­ли Гер­ма­ния, Со­вет­ская Рос­сия и Тур­ция, а так­же ре­ак­цию стран-по­бе­ди­тель­ниц – Ве­ли­ко­бри­та­нии и Фран­ции на ви­ди­мые при­зна­ки объ­е­ди­не­ния “ан­ти­сис­тем­ных” дви­же­ний.

Keywords: Emigration, Pan-Islamism, Young Turks, Empires, Bolsheviks, Turkey, Germany

Abstract

In this article, the author, applying the situational approach proposed by Alexey Miller, examines the emigrant period of life of Enver Pasha, Djemal Pasha, and Talaat Pasha. This short but dynamic and eventful period began with their flight in November 1918 from Istanbul into Berlin. The emigrant time of life of the Young Turk leaders is well-studied, yet the Berlin phase of their emigration is often ignored. Although Enver and Djemal made a short stay in Berlin, the significance of the city and Germany for their follow-up should not be underestimated. The collapse of continental Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman Empires resulted from the First World War turned their territory into an arena where new political actors engaged in a brutal race and formed ephemeral coalitions. This article takes a look at the initial period of emigration of triumvir’s connected mainly with Berlin and studies contexts of their interactions with various political forces within emerging network, the core of which were Germany, the Soviet Russia and Turkey. The article also traces a reaction of the winner countries –Great Britain and France – on visible signs of consolidation of “the anti-system” movements. Enver Pasha, Djemal Pasha and Talaat Pasha represented losing Ottoman elite and therefore belonged to the old, “departing” world. But this estimate will not be so unequivocal if one takes into account the active participation of former Ottoman leaders in the formation of interaction networks, ideological practices, their ambiguous role in the national movement of Turkey, in Soviet-Turkish and German-Turkish relations after 1918.

Как цитировать

Шерстюков С. А. Энвер-паша, Джемаль-паша и Талаат-паша между москвой и берлином (1918–1922) // Восток (Oriens). 2018. № 4. DOI: 10.31857/S086919080000457-9.

How to cite

Sergey Sherstyukov Enver pasha, Djemal pasha and Talat pasha between moscow and berlin (1918–1922) // Vostok (Oriens). 2018. No. 4. DOI: 10.31857/S086919080000457-9.