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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.3/JATS-archivearticle1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vostokoriens</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Восток (Oriens)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vostok (Oriens)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-1908</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-0401</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт востоковедения РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31696/S086919080039564-7</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2817</article-id><title-group><article-title>European Christians (the Franks) in the Exegesis of the Quran and Hadiths (14th-18th centuries)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>European Christians (the Franks) in the Exegesis of the Quran and Hadiths (14th-18th centuries)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-5239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>Олег Александрович</given-names></name><string-name xml:lang="en">Oleg Sokolov</string-name></name-alternatives><email>o.a.sokolov@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1" /></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>СПбГУ</institution><country>Moscow</country></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>5</issue><fpage>175</fpage><lpage>185</lpage><self-uri>http://vostokoriens.ru/articles/european-christians-the-franks-in-the-exegesis-of-the-quran-and/</self-uri><self-uri content-type="application/pdf">http://vostokoriens.ru/articles/european-christians-the-franks-in-the-exegesis-of-the-quran-and/pdf/</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Tafsirs and hadith commentaries retransmitted the views of theologians who were among the leading opinion leaders in the pre-Modern and Early Modern Arab world. Therefore, these treatises represent a promising source for studying the perception of Europeans (Franks) in the Arab world during the period between the end of the Crusades and the French invasion of Egypt and Syria under Napoleon's I command. A study of tafsirs and hadith commentaries from this period revealed the following four patterns of representation of the Franks in this kind of sources: antiquation of the conflict with the Franks by placing battles with them into pre-Islamic and early Islamic times such as the First (674–678) and Second (717–718) sieges of Constantinople by the Arabs and conquest of Rhodes (654); recent, ongoing and eschatological wars with the them with the focus on the Crusades, the loss of Andalusia and battles against Dajj?l on the Day of Gods Judgment; their recognition of the truth of Islam, including conversion to it after witnessing miracles on the battlefield or as a result of polemics with Islamic theologians; and everyday matters related to them, such as the prohibition of beard shaving or pork consumption. As for the ratio of mentions of the Franks in the tafsirs and hadith commentaries under consideration, it is crucial that these two types of sources generally demonstrate a unified system of patterns, though being less practice-oriented than works on fiqh and fatwa collections of the considered period, which constitute a promising sphere for further enquiry.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tafsirs and hadith commentaries retransmitted the views of theologians who were among the leading opinion leaders in the pre-Modern and Early Modern Arab world. Therefore, these treatises represent a promising source for studying the perception of Europeans (Franks) in the Arab world during the period between the end of the Crusades and the French invasion of Egypt and Syria under Napoleon's I command. A study of tafsirs and hadith commentaries from this period revealed the following four patterns of representation of the Franks in this kind of sources: antiquation of the conflict with the Franks by placing battles with them into pre-Islamic and early Islamic times such as the First (674–678) and Second (717–718) sieges of Constantinople by the Arabs and conquest of Rhodes (654); recent, ongoing and eschatological wars with the them with the focus on the Crusades, the loss of Andalusia and battles against Dajj?l on the Day of Gods Judgment; their recognition of the truth of Islam, including conversion to it after witnessing miracles on the battlefield or as a result of polemics with Islamic theologians; and everyday matters related to them, such as the prohibition of beard shaving or pork consumption. As for the ratio of mentions of the Franks in the tafsirs and hadith commentaries under consideration, it is crucial that these two types of sources generally demonstrate a unified system of patterns, though being less practice-oriented than works on fiqh and fatwa collections of the considered period, which constitute a promising sphere for further enquiry.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Islamic history</kwd><kwd>Arab history</kwd><kwd>Islamic thought</kwd><kwd>Quran</kwd><kwd>Hadith</kwd><kwd>Crusades</kwd><kwd>Muslim-Christian Relations</kwd><kwd>Franks</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Islamic history</kwd><kwd>Arab history</kwd><kwd>Islamic thought</kwd><kwd>Quran</kwd><kwd>Hadith</kwd><kwd>Crusades</kwd><kwd>Muslim-Christian Relations</kwd><kwd>Franks</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article>