Based on analysis of “Lectures from Colombo to Almora” (1897) by Swami Vivekananda, the social-philosophical content of the speeches and lectures to Indian audience is reconstructed in the article. The key ideas of the lectures’ cycle deal with all spheres and aspects of Indian life. On the one hand, the social content is integrated into Neo-Vedantic form, the thinker marked the social problems and gave answers to the questions on the condition and perspectives of India. The hermeneutic analysis of lectures helps to represent its content as special exposition of the philosophy of India’s renaissance. Conventionally, the author of the article describes four problematic fields of social thought by Vivekananda: 1) the image of India in the context of idea in nation; 2) understanding of the West as the Other civilization and culture; 3) the interaction between India and the West as mutual teaching in social, political, cultural and spiritual spheres; 4) social problems of contemporaneity and future perspectives of India. According to Vivekananda, the essence of India’s renaissance is the growth, in which all people and each person take part. But the growth is impossible in circumstances of miseries and the tyranny of caste system and power of minority over the people. Vivekananda searched for the spiritual renaissance through consciousness’ awakening, but the one must be continued in social, cultural and political awakening. His philosophy of renaissance includes strong positive impulse for practice of social activity in all-India scale, viz. development of education, institutional transformations and fight against poverty and oppression.