The author carries out a comparative analysis of the architectural temple structures in the cultures of Ancient Egypt, Shumer, China, India and distinguishes the common and special tendencies and regularities. For instance, it is revealed that at the basis of the original form of temples, the plan of a building were a circle and a rectangle as the projection of the female and male beginning of the creation of the Earth and Heaven. A square symbolized the four sides of the world, the elements. The shape of the pyramids was the result of the fact that they were understood as the unifi cation of the Earth and Heaven, and the temples were thought to be house of god or the place of his concentration. On the basis of the known historical material it is shown that the idea of the cosmos is the fundamental part of the architecture of the ancient civilizations of the East refl ecting the world-outlook of the peoples inhabiting it.