Ин­до­не­зия: два де­ся­ти­ле­тия ре­форм

Indonesia: twenty years of reforms

• Другов Алексей Юрьевич
  Институт востоковедения РАН

Ключевые слова: Индонезия, реформы, армия, религия, радикальный ислам, права человека, социальное неравенство, регионы

Аннотация

В те­че­ние двух де­ся­ти­ле­тий по­сле па­де­ния в 1998 г. ав­то­ри­тар­но­го ре­жи­ма “но­во­го по­ряд­ка” Ин­до­не­зия идет слож­ным и тер­ни­стым пу­тем де­мо­кра­ти­че­ских ре­форм, пре­одо­ле­ния на­сле­дия ав­то­ри­та­риз­ма, мо­дер­ни­за­ции по­ли­ти­че­ской сис­те­мы и по­ли­ти­че­ской куль­ту­ры об­ще­ст­ва. Этот про­цесс в пра­во­вом пла­не опи­ра­ет­ся на че­ты­ре па­ке­та по­пра­вок к Кон­сти­ту­ции, при­ня­тых в 1999–2002 гг., ряд дру­гих за­ко­нов и под­за­кон­ных ак­тов. Пе­ред стра­ной и об­ще­ст­вом сто­ит еще не­ма­ло слож­ных про­блем, важ­ней­ши­ми из ко­то­рых, по мне­нию ана­ли­ти­ков, яв­ля­ют­ся даль­ней­шее уп­ро­че­ние прав че­ло­ве­ка, про­ти­во­стоя­ние ра­ди­каль­но­му ис­ла­му и по­пыт­кам оп­ре­де­лен­ных во­ен­ных кру­гов вер­нуть ар­мии ее по­ли­ти­че­скую роль, борь­ба с кор­руп­ци­ей, пре­одо­ле­ние дис­ба­лан­са в по­ло­же­нии раз­лич­ных сло­ев об­ще­ст­ва и в раз­ви­тии ре­гио­нов. Пра­ви­тель­ст­во пре­зи­ден­та Джо­ко Ви­до­до (с 2014 г.) пред­при­ни­ма­ет ша­ги в этом на­прав­ле­нии, и пре­зи­дент­ские и пар­ла­мент­ские вы­бо­ры 2019 г. ста­нут про­вер­кой их ус­пеш­но­сти.

Keywords: Indonesia, reforms, Army, religion, radical Islam, human rights, social imbalance, regions

Abstract

The article maintains that during two decades after the fall of the authoritarian “New Order” regime in Indonesia in 1998 the country is undergoing a complicated and thorny path of democratic reforms, modernization of the political system and of political culture of the Indonesian society. From the legal point of view, this process is based upon four series of amendments to the Constitution adopted in 1999–2002, including the special chapter on human rights, and a number of other laws and acts. Nevertheless the country and Indonesian society are still facing many problems including the problems inherited from the previous regime. The fact is that the change of the regime was not a revolution. The Indonesian elite are much similar to that of the “New Order” and are not always united enough. The most acute of the problems are the necessity to confront radical Islam and terrorism, to deal with influential military elite dreaming of returning to the army the dominance it enjoyed before 1998, to overcome growing misbalance between social groups in the society, and misbalance in the development of regions. As far as religious radicalism is concerned, in many cases it is a reaction to social injustice and the policy of the USA aimed at the creation of unipolar world. Cabinet of President Joko Widodo elected in 2014 and supposed to run again in 2019 has taken several important steps to overcome these problems including some measures against radical Islam organizations, reducing the percentage of poor people, and developing infrastructure to lessen the misbalance between western and eastern regions of Indonesia. The legislative and presidential elections that will take place in 2019 are supposed to become a test for the efficiency of these efforts. They also will show how far reaching is the social support for the government policies.

Как цитировать

Другов А. Ю. Ин­до­не­зия: два де­ся­ти­ле­тия ре­форм // Восток (Oriens). 2018. № 4. DOI: 10.31857/S086919080000431-1.

How to cite

Alexei Drugov Indonesia: twenty years of reforms // Vostok (Oriens). 2018. No. 4. DOI: 10.31857/S086919080000431-1.