Мар­ксизм и вос­то­ко­ве­де­ние

Marxism and Oriental Studies

• Алаев Леонид Борисович
  Институт востоковедения РАН

Ключевые слова: Маркс, ев­ро­по­цен­тризм, труд, фор­ма­ции, клас­сы, клас­со­вая борь­ба, Вос­ток, ка­пи­та­лизм, со­циа­лизм

Аннотация

В ста­тье ста­вит­ся во­прос об ус­та­ре­ло­сти мар­ксиз­ма в це­лом как ис­то­рио­соф­ско­го и по­лит­эко­но­ми­че­ско­го уче­ния и при этом его из­на­чаль­ной не­при­ме­ни­мо­сти для изу­че­ния стран за пре­де­ла­ми За­пад­ной Ев­ро­пы. Маркс, в этом сле­дуя Ге­ге­лю, счи­тал все об­ще­ст­ва Азии и Рос­сию на­хо­див­ши­ми­ся на по­след­ней ста­дии ар­хаи­че­ской об­ще­ст­вен­ной фор­ма­ции, ха­рак­те­ри­зуе­мой на­ли­чи­ем сель­ской об­щи­ны и дес­по­ти­че­ской вла­сти. Ев­ро­по­цен­тризм всей мар­кси­ст­ской тео­рии, од­но­вре­мен­но пре­тен­до­вав­шей на объ­яс­не­ние ис­то­рии в гло­баль­ном мас­шта­бе, серь­ез­но за­труд­нял ана­лиз ис­то­рии и со­вре­мен­но­го со­стоя­ния стран Азии и Аф­ри­ки оте­че­ст­вен­ны­ми вос­то­ко­ве­да­ми.

Keywords: Marx, Eurocentrism, labour, formations, classes, class struggle, the East, capitalism, socialism

Abstract

Marxism as a theory of historical process now, 200 years after Marx’s birth and 170 years after the publication of “The Communist Manifesto”, seems an anachronism. It has not developed during all these years under the impact of changing social conditions and the achievements in various branches of humanities. Non-development of Marxism may be explained by the fact that from the very beginning it was not a scientific theory but an ideology of the hired working class. That class was destined to free all humankind and to finalize the prehistory of the humanity. Marxism turned the symbol of faith and obtained its own kind of Holy Scripture. The paper shows the obsolescence of Marxism as a historic-philosophical and politico-economic teaching, and its initial inapplicableness for studies of countries outside Western Europe. Following Hegel, Marx considered all Asian societies as well as Russia as being at the last stage of the archaic social formation characterized by rural community and by despotic political regime. Marx did not formulate stages of history of Eastern countries, models of Asian and African societies and state-formations except the notion of so-called Oriental despotism. Eurocentrism, inherent in Marxian teachings, which simultaneously pretended to be the explanation of the global history, essentially hampered studies of history.

Как цитировать

Алаев Л. Б. Мар­ксизм и вос­то­ко­ве­де­ние // Восток (Oriens). 2018. № 4. DOI: 10.31857/S086919080000413-1.

How to cite

Leonid Alaev Marxism and Oriental Studies // Vostok (Oriens). 2018. No. 4. DOI: 10.31857/S086919080000413-1.