The article focuses on the history of the challenge of Morocco in the relations between France and Germany during the period 1907-1909. The author draws in French, English, German diplomatic documents and memoirs as well as for the first time introduces scientific materials from the Archive of foreign policy of the Russian Empire, relating to the Moroccan question. It allows to take a fresh look at the relationship between France and Germany not only on the local level in Morocco but in the current system of international relations in the period of increasing hostility between Entente and Triple Alliance. Searching insufficiently known specific episodes, the author managed to identify elements of rivalry and attempts to find compromise between France and Germany, to determine the degree of influence of internal events (for example the civil war in Morocco) and external factors (for example, the Bosnian crisis 1908) on their relationship in sultanate that brought about the conclusion of the agreement. The author concludes that the agreement was a temporary measure to stabilize acute struggle between the two powers for Morocco, and the dynamics of the Franco-German relations in 1907-1909 as sinusoidal in its nature.