The author of the article examines the attempt of a Mongol-Chinese conquest of Vietnam in the second half of the XIII century; the author analyzes the course of military operations, the methods of conquest and the typical features of resistance to this conquest; she shows the causes of the victory of the Vietnamese people. She carries out the analysis of the Vietnamese' behaviour at the time of Mongol-Chinese invasions in the second half of the XIII century, she examines the understanding of this behaviour fixed in ideological standards (represented in chronicle collections); finally she compares this behaviour with other types of behaviour and the ideological standards of anoher civilization (as the more studied one in this connection the Orthodox civilization has been chosen in its Russian variant), that has also been subjected to the Mongol aggression in the XIII century. The main source for this study has been the Vietnamese official chronicle "Day Viet shi Ki toan tkhi" ("The complete collection of the historical notes by the Great Viet") in the fifth chapter of which the Mongol-Chinese invasion of Vietnam is described.