The article is devoted to the peace treaty that delineated the transitional period on the status of South Sudan, an immediate cease-fire, the order of demobilization and the distribution of funds from the sale of oil, etc. In the course of nearly ten years of work in Khartoum (1995–1997; 2007–2013), the author was the witness of the events and had the opportunity to monitor the performance of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, signed in 2005, and its successes and failures. Continued attention of the international scientific community to the resolution of this ethno-political conflict is also due to the fact that the end of the civil war between the North and the South of Sudan can serve as an example for resolving other crises in Africa and the Middle East.