Раз­ви­тие ядер­ной про­грам­мы Сау­дов­ской Ара­вии: при­чи­ны и след­ст­вия

Development of Saudi Arabia’s Nuclear Program: Causes and Consequences

• Борисова Екатерина Андреевна
  Институт востоковедения РАН

Ключевые слова: Соглашение 123, АЭС, Иран, Китай, Россия, США, ядерная программа, ядерный реактор, “Росатом”, ядерное оружие

Аннотация

Сау­дов­ская Ара­вия де­ла­ет став­ку на ди­вер­си­фи­ка­цию эко­но­ми­ки и сни­же­ние в ней до­ли неф­те­га­зо­во­го сек­то­ра. В рам­ках этих за­дач Эр-Ри­яд изу­ча­ет воз­мож­но­сти раз­ви­тия ядер­ной энер­ге­ти­ки. Со­пер­ни­че­ст­во с Ира­ном на по­ли­ти­че­ской аре­не и в сфе­ре неф­те­хи­ми­че­ско­го экс­пор­та име­ет не­ма­ло­важ­ное зна­че­ние в по­вы­ше­нии вни­ма­ния к ядер­ным тех­но­ло­ги­ям. На роль парт­не­ров Сау­дов­ской Ара­вии в атом­ной от­рас­ли пре­тен­ду­ют не­сколь­ко ми­ро­вых ли­де­ров.

Keywords: 123 agreement, nuclear power plants, Iran, China, Russia, USA, nuclear program, nuclear reactor, Rosatom, nuclear weapons

Abstract

Saudi Arabia aims at economic diversification and reduction of the oil and gas sector’s share in its economy. It is one of Saudi Arabia’s main aims set in “Vision 2030” program. As part of these tasks, Riyadh is examining the possibility of nuclear energy developing. Saudi rivalry with Iran in the political arena and in the field of petrochemical exports also helps increasing attention to nuclear technology. The role of Saudi Arabia's partners in the nuclear industry is claimed by several world leaders. The strongest positions in the field are held by the USA and by Russia. Saudi Arabia has to develop all stages of its nuclear program: from uranium mining to its processing. There are large uranium deposits in the country. The reluctance of Riyadh to abandon the prospect of enrichment and processing of spent nuclear fuel contributes to the growth of suspicions in its desire to become the owner of military nuclear technologies. Saudi nuclear program turns a factor of additional tensions in the region. The development of Iran's nuclear program strengthens the activity of the Saudi Kingdom in developing its own nuclear industry. Removing restrictions on uranium enrichment in Saudi Arabia can not but strengthen the Saudi-Iranian rivalry which is damaging to the entire region. It will also provoke other recipients of United States nuclear technology to demand the granting of similar rights. That means the 123 agreement with Egypt and the UAE can be revised if other countries of the region do not adhere to it.

Как цитировать

Борисова Е. А. Раз­ви­тие ядер­ной про­грам­мы Сау­дов­ской Ара­вии: при­чи­ны и след­ст­вия // Восток (Oriens). 2018. № 4. DOI: 10.31857/S086919080000426-5.

How to cite

Ekaterina Borisova Development of Saudi Arabia’s Nuclear Program: Causes and Consequences // Vostok (Oriens). 2018. No. 4. DOI: 10.31857/S086919080000426-5.