The article concerns the question about the influence of a religious factor on the social and cultural systems in the antique and Confucian traditions. For this purpose the author carries out a comparative analysis of ethnical and philosophical conceptions of Plato and to some degree of Aristotel, on the one hand, and Confucious, as well as of Men-tsi and Sun'-tsi, on the other hand. On the basis of the structural functionalism theory of T. Parsons the author shows the interdependent and mutually penetrating character of cultural and social systems, the determining influence of the religious component on them. He analyses the questions about the common typological roots and the original similarity of the key positions in both traditions, however later diversified.