The state founded in Arabia in the early 20th c. by King Abdul-Aziz has contributed greatly to the successful modernization of the country. The Saudi kingdom that originated from a primitive Bedouin society has been radically transformed into a society based on the principles of Arab Muslim civilization and enjoys some cultural, social, and economic achievements of modern Western culture. Saudi society is still in transition but what holds it together (so far) are spiritual bonds manifested in Islam and Tradition and the unifying role of the State in public life. In furthering socioeconomic reforms the government is likely to be guided by the principle of stability rather than effi ciency, striving to avoid confl icts and harmonize the interests of all social forces.