The author of the article considers some ideas of the symbolic language of the Texts of the pyramids (the middle of the III millennium B.C.) by which the mutual relations of the Egyptian king and his subjects were marked both in this and in the other world. In the focus of attention is the term rxyt (rxwt) implying the categories of human society which are unified by the semantic meaning of "citizenship". The special emphasis is put on the ethnical meaning of this term, which has either a neutral or a negative sense and also on the ontological roots of the category of citizenship in the religious and political ideas of the Egyptians.